Archaeological sites in the landscape

What are the main techniques used to identify archeological destinations in the scene? Basically survey the upsides and downsides of the strategies you distinguish using significant illustrations.The paleontologist utilizes an extent of procedures to effectively identify and turn up archeological locales inside the scene ; these techniques are non-obtrusive and non-damaging and fall into four wide classs: * Desk Top Surveys †¢ Surface Surveys * Geophysical and Geochemical contemplates †¢ Aerial Surveys ( Grant et Al, 2002. p5 ) . In add-on to these, a few locales might be found by circumstance, for delineation when quarrying, digging and peat film altering or only out in strolling in the scene. These wide classs all supplement one another and the most pertinent strategies in each occasion will rely upon the landscape of the nation being researched and the assets and clasp accessible for test. In addition, the requests being solicited and the evaluation from truth required will hold an outcome on how these strategies are utilized ( Greene. 1991. p54 ) .Desk Top Surveys:The work area study is office based and utilizes bing paperss, for example, maps, authentic paperss, old archeological records, pictures and writing, all of which would all be able to flexibly suggestions and notices to archeological destinations. Maps can be utilized to turn up destinations, and are among the most fundamental assets accessible to the paleologist. Mid sixteenth century maps are non ever proportional however can be extremely util e, Ordnance Survey began printing maps in the mid nineteenth century and, by dissecting a succession of maps of a nation, much can be gained from the changes in utilization of the land and buildings. ( Grant et Al, 2002. p8 ) . Old offering maps and terriers, typically found among the workss and records partner to the possession and heading of bequests and belongingss, may offer infiltration about overlooked locales ( Barker, 1993 ) . In spite of the fact that the main part of early records have non made due, there is as yet a wide extent of accessible which the paleologist may occur of worth. Legitimate records, including volitions and court records, can gracefully limits of proprietorship and clues to the maps of buildings. The Domesday Book and other income improvement records and offering grants can put the monetary use and limits of land, Pictorial records such photos pictures, and inscriptions, and unmistakable narratives written in books, diaries and travelogs would all be able to be of significant worth. Of curious association is crafted by William Stukeley ( 1687 †1785 ) , an exact and attentive chronicle hardware who voyaged widely all through Britain, and William Camden ( 1551 †1623 ) , whose intensive and expand portrayals were distributed in the main general attendant to the relics in Britain, ‘Britannia ‘ in 1585 ( Greene pp24 †27 ) . These records can be unreservedly found in historical centers, libraries and private accumulations and may offer an uncommon record of an archeological trademark. Detailss of any old archeological diggings, disclosures and old examination results are totally held in neighborhood SMR and national NMR workplaces and can offer understanding into potential locales for geographic endeavor. There is as often as possible much truth covered up in the tales and accounts of classical times and an overview of these may flexibly an indication to an overlooked or topographic point. Most conventions and fantasies are established on existent individuals and topographic focuses which, over clasp, can go exaggerated and unbelievable. ( Grant et al. 2002. p8 ) . By filtering the weaving from these legends the classicist is as often as possible left with an accommodating genuine portrayal. This is a reasonable and strong way of harvesting data, yet it very well may be cut eating up. During interviews with nearby tenants in Kythera, Greece an enormous total of narrative data was produced on the utilization of the scene of the island, its ‘ spurning and reuse, and the associations between individuals, humble communities and temples which all assisted with placing archeological work into setting ( Johnson and A ; Wilson. 2003 ) . The work area study is of exceptional worth where tests are bit of the arranging method to decide if there are probably going to be archeological remains which could be lost or undermined as a bit of the building and advancement of the land. ( Grant et al 2002. p6 ) . Numerous chronicled records are allowed to course and can be found in libraries, galleries, County Records and Archives Offices, on the internet, at Local and National Sites and Monuments Records workplaces and in private aggregations.Surface Surveys.These are visual examinations which try to happen traces of potential destinations and are completed, most ordinarily, on pes. A surface report can be deliberate or unsystematic, in spite of the fact that the most regularly utilized, is an orderly assault ( Renfrew and A ; Bahn. 2008. p78 ) . The goal is to do an investigation of archeological disclosures inside a nation to discover on the off chance that they may demonstrate to past human action ( Lynch. 2006 ) . A framewo rk is generally spread out on the land to help work and a crew of Walkers go over every nation on the matrix, entering locales and revelations. The general record of the sorts and spread of the antiquities found can give a decent idea of the age of a site and its conceivable old usages ( Adkins et al 2008 ) . Fieldwalking is a viable and nearly reasonable way of evaluating land and has a basic topographic point in the find of archeological locales. When the disclosures are distinguished and investigated, the informations can other than help to flexibly data about the day of the long stretch of a site and its potential maps. Results are all things considered progressively reliable where the part is strolled over and over as a drawn out endeavor ( Renfrew and A ; Bahn. 2008. p 79 ) . It holds a few limitations in that extraordinary fieldwalkers may hold differential kinds of accumulation over a similar sight. Fieldwalking works best on cultivable land, yet should be completed now and again in the cultivable mood when vegetation is low. ( Grant 2002 ) . Tesserae discovered during field strolling at Rowler Manor in Croughton, Northamptonshire prompted the find in 1991 of a Roman Villa alongside a Mosaic clearing ( Dawson, 2008 )Geochemical and Geophysical SurveysThe action of universes altoge ther adjusts the geochemical making out of soil, and the paleologist can use substance testing to discover nations of progress to the earth by human movement. The most widely recognized geophysical preliminary is phosphate examination. This concoction is available in most living things and the nearness of tamed energize creatures, individuals and workss in a scene will expand the grouping of phosphates in that scene. Zones of high impregnation of phosphates can so be investigated farther to decide the hugeness of the movement ( Renfrew and A ; Bahn. 2008. p105 ) . At Plas Gogerddan, Ceredigion in Wales, geochemical investigation was utilized to find that internments on this Early Christian Burial site could be distinguished using phosphate examination and conceivable grave locales of farther burials were recorded ( Murphy 1992 ) . Geophysical reviewing has grown well throughout the last scarcely any mature ages and is utilized with extraordinary achievement in archeological site prospection. There are two boss techniques for geophysical looking over, these are electrical resistively and magnetometery ( Bowden 1999. P 120 ) . Resistivity evaluating includes go throughing an electrical flow through examination set into the land, and depends on the capacity of sub-surface stuffs to carry on that flow, By and huge, higher restriction attributes, for example, inhumed dividers have a constrained wet substance and infilled trench and holes which hold wet will give lower readings. ( Reference ) The procedure is especially fit to the find of rock developments. Its prosperity is influenced by nearby geography what's more the conditions. Extremely dry or truly wet conditions, each piece great as vacillations in the temperature can affect the nature of the outcomes as they influence pace of stream of the electric flow. The electric opposition hardware is substantial to use and the examination can take some clasp to complete, yet this is a cost adequate technique for study. Polarized Fe oxides are available in the soil and past human movement modifies and redistributes these, making more grounded and more vulnerable reactions which can be identified as attractive anomalousnesss. It is extremely convenient and useful for fast studying of land. The results created can be truly detailed and they are extremely utile for setting inhumed trench, pits, ovens and chimneys. ( Reference ) The undersoil of the land can follow up on the results ; the most antiphonal soils being are chalks and limestone. Molten undersoils are the most difficult to investigate with this procedure and the results on mud soils can be flighty. Electric opposition and magnetometry strategies were utilized in karstic landscapes in County Cork, Ireland, which distinguished the spot of a previously obscure cavern ( Gibson et al, 2004 ) . A figure of more current methods including Ground Penetrating Radar ( GPR ) and Geographic Information Systems ( GIS ) are other than accessible and going well known apparatuses for the paleontologist. GPR was produced for use in protection instrument and innovation. It is a costly system and is of most prominent worth where covered sedimentations are near the outside of the earth. It has the advantage that it can take readings through landing area surfaces, and consequently is utile in urban situations ( Grant et al. 2002 ) . GIS is an amazing automated capacity framework with the capacity to break down quantitative informations, which is utile for plotting spreads of disclosures and preliminary speculation. GIS was solidly utilized at Tel Shiqmona, Israel, to carry on seaside and marine examinations and to quantify the intensity of Maritime exchanging with the Phoenicians ( Breman. 2003 )Aerial SurveiesThe use of airborne picture taking was spearheaded by O G S Crawford, an Archeol ogist and Observer in the Royal Flying Co

Abraham Lincoln: Issued the Emancipation Proclamation Essay

Many may state eh compounded the situation, yet I ask to contend. Abraham Lincoln is the explanation behind the common war individuals state, yet look where it got us! The association won, and the slaves are free. During the Civil war (1861-1865) numerous activities happened. At the point when Lincoln was chosen President in 1861 South Carolina withdrew followed by 6 different satiates, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas. Four different states took steps to withdraw too. At that point a month after the 7 withdrew they framed a Government. Later on March fourth when Lincoln was chosen he said that he didn’t need to remove subjection from the states that previously had servitude existing and regular in their state. He additionally said that he would not bargain or aside from withdrawal either. Fortress Sumter began the Civil war. See more: Is the Importance of being sincere an ironical play paper Lincoln was sending supplies to Fort Sumter and let them know before hand so they would know. At the point when they arrived South Carolina dreaded a stunt, so they said they would take the provisions at that point give up, yet his offer was not taken, and that is the point at which the main shot was discharged. April 12, 1861 the Civil War had started. On January 27th, 1862 Lincoln permitted the Union to dispatch bound together forceful activity against the Confederacy. January 1863 Lincoln gave the Emancipation Proclamation that liberated the slaves in the states that were still in resistance on January first 1863. The Gettysburg Battlefield was devoted as a national burial ground, this was a gigantic war. More than 54 thousand fighters were slaughtered. The south wasn’t sufficient, and the North succeeded. On April seventh 1865 General Grant called upon General Lee to give up. Lee sent home his soldiers and the Civil War finished. Numerous fights were battled and the Union prevailed upon the Confederate. On April fourteenth President Abraham Lincoln was killed by John Wilkes Booth. John was fixated on avenging the Confederate annihilation.

The 3 Most Common College Essay Topics Why CEAs Founder Thinks You Should Write About Them Anyway - College Essay Advisors Admissions Essay Experts

The 3 Most Common College Essay Topics Why CEAs Founder Thinks You Should Write About Them Anyway - College Essay Advisors Admissions Essay Experts The 3 Most Common College Essay Topics: Why CEAs Founder Thinks You Should Write About Them Anyway The 3 Most Common College Essay Topics: Why CEAs Founder Thinks You Should Write About Them Anyway The whole point of writing a college essay is to differentiate yourself from other applicants and place yourself ahead of the pack. For this reason, many students shy away from writing about common college essay topics. CEAs Founder and Chief Advisor, Stacey Brook, believes this doesnt have to be the case. Stacey recently published an article on USA Today explaining why theres no such thing as an off-limits essay topic and giving insight into how to put a personal touch  on a topic that is often considered to be overdone. Her tips include keeping your audience in mind, mastering your personal spin, and fleshing out the details. So dont trash any of your brainstorming ideas yet! As they say, the college essay magic  is in the details. About Kat StubingView all posts by Kat Stubing »

The Role Of Initiation And Ligand Interaction Of Resting...

2.2.3 Role of VLA-4 in Costimulation Integrin receptor/ligand interactions provide a potent costimulatory signal to CD3-mediated T cell activation (Davis et al., 1990; Nguyen et al., 2008). Specifically, the VLA-4 mediated interaction of resting human CD4+ T lymphocytes with FN has been shown to promote CD3-mediated T cell proliferation (Shimizu et al., 1990). Coimmobilization with mAb to CD3 and FN consistently resulted in strong T cell proliferation. Other investigators showed that immobilized FN enhances anti-CD3 induced proliferation of both CD45RAdim (memory) and CD45RAHI (naà ¯ve) subsets of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and that this effect was inhibited with a mAb against the ÃŽ ²1 subunit of VLA-4. Additionally, Nojima et al. showed that the A and B epitopes of VLA-4 play a key role in VLA-4 mediated T cell costimulation (Nojima et al., 1990). 2.3 Role of ÃŽ ±4-integrin in CNS immunocompetence 2.3.3 ÃŽ ±4-integrin Antagonism in EAE As previously described, leukocytes activated in the periphery are able to adhere to the endothelium of blood vessel walls in order to traffic into the CNS, where re-activation by antigen presentation from perivascular APC leads to inflammation. In 1992, Yednock et al., which would later develop a successful therapy for RRMS patients, made a revolutionary finding. They reported that lymphocytes and monocytes bound selectively to inflamed EAE brain vessels and that this could be reversed with antibodies against VLA-4 (Yednock et al., 1992). When tested inShow MoreRelatedInnate Immunity : An Early Phase Of Defence Mechanism Against Intruding Microorganisms5373 Words   |  22 Pagesprovides an early phase of defence mechanism against intruding microorganisms, mediated by phagocytes such as macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), having the ability to distinguish between self and non-self (pathogens). The innate immune system recognises microorganisms by germ-line encoded pattern recogn ition receptors (PRRs), expressed on all types of cells. The metabolic products generated by microbial pathogens rather than the host allow the immune system to differentiate between the self and

The Modern Welfare State Essay - 2889 Words

Introduction Article 25 of the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights, (UNDHR) legitimizes the socio-economic rights of citizens of all nations as stated below: Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well being of himself and his family, including food, clothing, housing, and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control† (Hartley Dean; 2004). The human subject is endemically vulnerable and to survive requires collective organized mechanism for mutual cooperation and support (Hartley Dean; 2004). To manage this endemic vulnerability the†¦show more content†¦A random Google search using the term â€Å"welfare state† will reveal multiple results. However the following three capture the essential elements across the social, economic and political schools of thoughts. They describe the welfare state as 1. A set of government program that attempt to provide economic security for populations by providing for the people when they are unemployed, ill or elderly. 2. A system whereby the state undertakes ostensibly to protect the health and well-being of its citizens, especially those in financial needs . 3. A state whose government devotes a very large proportion of its activities and expenditures to the direct provision of the personal benefits to be consumed by qualifying individuals or families, or governmental entities in the form of supplies, professional services, government issued stipends, allowances or subsidies. Central in all these definitions is the role of the state vis-à  -vis the citizens. The state has the responsibility to carter for its citizens irrespective of what the citizens do for the state. This means that the welfare state is not a give and take or a â€Å"two way game†. It is not based on any political agreement or pact between politicians, parties and the population to exchange votes in favour of welfare facilities. This should not be confused with the notion of a quasi-contract based on the principle of reciprocity, which places the emphasis on mutual obligation and responsibility between state andShow MoreRelatedLiberalism is define by the desire to minimise the role of the state, discuss.1515 Words   |  7 Pagesminimise the role of the state’ Discuss. Liberalism as an ideology revolves around the idea of freedom for the individual. The reason for this is due to the liberal’s view of human nature; they see the human being as unique and rational; able to make decisions in their best interest. Although all liberals agree on individual freedom, when it comes to the role of the state they are split down the middle. 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Though Sweden welcomed immigrants earlier in its history than did Denmark, both governments and societies have had difficulties in integration and acculturation, particularly in welcoming mostly non-Western immigrants. In the last few decades, these problems have been inflamed by a series of human rights crises, particularly in the MiddleRead MoreSimilarities Between Classical and Modern Liberals Are Greater Than the Differences. Discuss1729 Words   |  7 PagesSimilarities between classical and modern liberalism are greater than the differences. Discuss. (45 marks) Typically, liberalism is categorised into two separate components; classical liberalism, which was fashioned during the 19th century as a result of the industrial revolution, and the more recent Modern Liberalism which emerged as industrialisation continued within the UK. 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Conservatism and classical liberalism often resemble each other in social and political ideas and ways of thinking. There are many factors that contribute to this resemblance between the two ideologies. Conservatism in the United States so often resembles classical liberalism because of the similarity in the beliefsRead MoreLiberalism is defined by the desire to minimise the role of the state. Discuss911 Words   |  4 Pagesdefined by the desire to minimise the role of the state.’ Discuss (45 marks) There are two types of Liberals; Classical, who want to minimise the state’s role, and Modern liberals who want a more involved state. Classical liberals want a limited state because they support negative freedom, as they believe it has; created a dependency culture, a potential nanny state, and cause damage to the economy. 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His love for economics and writing landed him with a successful career as a speechwriter and later his skills allowed him to contribute to numerous economic reports in The Wall Street Journal. Upon researching the author, I was surprised to learn that Gilder wrote speeches for President Richard Nixon. The book, â€Å"Men and Marriage† (written in 1986) is a revised edition ofRead MoreThe Imperative Advantages Of Welfare879 Words   |  4 Pagesadvantages of welfare measures can be condensed as takes after: †¢ They give better physical and psychological wellness to labourers and along these lines advance a sound workplace Offices like lodging plans, health advantages, and instruction and diversion offices for labourers families help in raising their ways of life. †¢ This makes specialists to give careful consideration towards work and consequently builds their efficiency. †¢ Businesses get steady work power by giving welfare offices. Labourers

Engineering Free Essays

Roles Professionalism By Ezer Yeboah-Boateng 1Quote of the Week //** ? Working together for the common good of society†¦ 2Outline ?Introduction ?Roles of Engineers ?Engineers the Environment ?Engineers as Professionals ?Engineers Today 3Books Resources ? Engineering Social Justice, by Donna Riley, 2008; Morgan Claypool Publishers. ? Bridging the Gap Between Engineering the Global World: A Case Study of the Coconut (Coir) Fiber Industry in Kerala, India, by Shobha K. Bhatia Jennifer L. We will write a custom essay sample on Engineering or any similar topic only for you Order Now Smith, 2008; Morgan Claypool Publishers. 45 Learning Outcomes To explain the various roles that engineers play in society; ? To appreciate the professionalism of engineers in contributing to society. ? To position engineers to be proactive in meeting societal needs. Introduction How do people perceive engineers? 6Introduction ? Whatever the popular perception of an engineer, this lesson will focus on different roles of, and played by, engineers. ? Not exactly life overwhelmed by: ? calculations, ? designs (structural, hydrological, chips, fuzzy systems control; cyber-security, etc. ), ? drawings, ? Analysis, ? supervision of construction etc. 7Introduction Life as an engineer is more than this, and sometime he plays roles which on first impression are not linked to their professional training. ? It is stressed that the training received as an engineer is part of the reasons which an engineer can display his versatility. The Engineer is versatile! 8Roles of Engineers Various roles played by engineers include: ? Managers ? Scientists ? Experts ? Politicians ? Academics ? Others 9Roles of Engineers Engineers as Managers ? Who is a manager? ? Someone who plans, organizes, coordinates, controls, executes, and achieves the objectives that are entrusted upon him. Career progression ? Are engineers good managers? ? E. g. Alfred Sloan of General Motors – electrical engineer 10Roles of Engineers Engineers as Managers ? The management gurus: many of them were trained as engineers! ? Michael E Porter – â€Å"competitive advantage† – aeronautical/mechanical engineer ? W. Edward Deming – â€Å"quality† – electrical engineer ? Joseph Juran – â€Å"quality† – electrical engineer ? Henry Mintzberg – â€Å"strategic management† – mechanical engineer ? Tom Peters – â€Å"Excellence† – civil engineer ? F. W. Taylor – â€Å"scientific management†, â€Å" time motion study† – mechanical engineer (? ) Henry Fayol – â€Å"Industrial management† – mining engineer ? Henry Gantt – â€Å"Gantt chart† – mechanical engineer 11Roles of Engineers Engineers as Scientists ? Science and engineering are interlinked; it would not be wrong to say that engineering is applied science. (Science is the theoretical foundation of engineering? ) ? Paul Dirac – 1933 Nobel Prize Winner in Physics – trained as an electrical engineer 12Roles of Engineers Engineers as experts ? E. g. Giving expert opinions in court as to what could have been the cause(s) of the issues in dispute: Highland Tower tragedy, Dingo baby case; ? Melcom Achimota building disaster Forensic study 13Roles of Engineers Engineers as politicians ? Almost the entire Chinese leadership are engineers! ? Hu Jintao, fmr. Chinese Prez – Hydraulic engineer ? Boris Yelsin, fmr. Russian President – civil engineer ? Pro f. De Graft Johnson, fmr. V. P. , Ghana (1979-81) – civil engineer ? Aliu Mahama, fmr. V. P. , Ghana (2001-09) – building tech 14Roles of Engineers Engineers in Politics: Picture of the world politicians†¦. 15Roles of Engineers Engineers as academics ? Need I say more? 16Roles of Engineers Others ? Engineers as salesmen ? Engineers as entrepreneurs ? Engineers as lawyers? Engineers as Reverends or Pastors ? Etc. 17Engineers the Environment ? Engineers don’t operate in a vacuum: ? They are part and parcel of the society; ? They exist to meet the needs of society; ? They harness the resources of society; ? The environment include: ? The economical and commercial environment ? The social environment ? The political environment: the globalized world ? The cultural environment ? The legal environment 18Engineers as Professionals ? What is the expectation and relationship of engineers vis-a-vis the society? ? The answer is the Professional Engineer! ? Who is a p rofessional? What is a â€Å"profession†? 5 aspects: i. Nature of work: intellectual, mental vs. manual, specialized skills and knowledge ii. Moral aspect: this goes beyond general honesty, integrity, codes of conduct and ethics, â€Å"self regulation† iii. Collective organization: professional association, entry and competence, â€Å"accreditation† and â€Å"recognition† – e. g. Ghana Act 819, 2011. iv. Status v. Impartiality and independence 19Engineers of Today ? Engineers owe responsibility to ? the general public: safety, environment ? direct consumers of the project ? fellow engineers ? clients e. g. government, industry ? Engineers owe duty to themselves ? which are inherent in their works and institution to which they belong ? legal requirements: professional negligence ? contractual duties ? â€Å"the greater good† 20Engineers of Today ? Today’s engineer must have exposure to other fields of knowledge and skills (besides his specialty) in order to be able to properly discharge his functions: ? communication and presentation skills: oral and written ? economics and finance ? law ? presentation of self! ? Paradigm shift: ? Engineers should not merely respond to need: ? They should create or anticipate the needs and be leaders of society. They should have foresights for â€Å"unfulfilled needs†. 21Project Topics ? How can you apply the principles of Human Engineering to address the Cyber-crime menace in Ghana? ? OR ? How can Tertiary Students contribute to the Digital Inclusion in Ghana? ? 15 points ? Deadline: March 29, 2013 22Thank You All!!! ?Any comments contributions 23Roles Professionalism By Ezer Yeboah-Boateng 1Quote of the Week //** ? Working together for the common good of society†¦ 2Outline ?Introduction ?Roles of Engineers ?Engineers the Environment ?Engineers as Professionals ?Engineers Today 3Books Resources Engineering Social Justice, by Donna Riley, 2008; Morgan Claypool Publishers. ? B ridging the Gap Between Engineering the Global World: A Case Study of the Coconut (Coir) Fiber Industry in Kerala, India, by Shobha K. Bhatia Jennifer L. Smith, 2008; Morgan Claypool Publishers. 45 Learning Outcomes ? To explain the various roles that engineers play in society; ? To appreciate the professionalism of engineers in contributing to society. ? To position engineers to be proactive in meeting societal needs. Introduction How do people perceive engineers? 6Introduction Whatever the popular perception of an engineer, this lesson will focus on different roles of, and played by, engineers. ? Not exactly life overwhelmed by: ? calculations, ? designs (structural, hydrological, chips, fuzzy systems control; cyber-security, etc. ), ? drawings, ? Analysis, ? supervision of construction etc. 7Introduction ? Life as an engineer is more than this, and sometime he plays roles which on first impression are not linked to their professional training. ? It is stressed that the traini ng received as an engineer is part of the reasons which an engineer can display his versatility. The Engineer is versatile! Roles of Engineers Various roles played by engineers include: ? Managers ? Scientists ? Experts ? Politicians ? Academics ? Others 9Roles of Engineers Engineers as Managers ? Who is a manager? ? Someone who plans, organizes, coordinates, controls, executes, and achieves the objectives that are entrusted upon him. ? Career progression ? Are engineers good managers? ? E. g. Alfred Sloan of General Motors – electrical engineer 10Roles of Engineers Engineers as Managers ? The management gurus: many of them were trained as engineers! ? Michael E Porter – â€Å"competitive advantage† – aeronautical/mechanical engineer ? W. Edward Deming – â€Å"quality† – electrical engineer ? Joseph Juran – â€Å"quality† – electrical engineer ? Henry Mintzberg – â€Å"strategic management† – mechanical engineer ? Tom Peters – â€Å"Excellence† – civil engineer ? F. W. Taylor – â€Å"scientific management†, â€Å"time motion study† – mechanical engineer (? ) ? Henry Fayol – â€Å"Industrial management† – mining engineer ? Henry Gantt – â€Å"Gantt chart† – mechanical engineer 11Roles of Engineers Engineers as Scientists ? Science and engineering are interlinked; it would not be wrong to say that engineering is applied science. (Science is the theoretical foundation of engineering? ) Paul Dirac – 1933 Nobel Prize Winner in Physics – trained as an electrical engineer 12Roles of Engineers Engineers as experts ? E. g. Giving expert opinions in court as to w hat could have been the cause(s) of the issues in dispute: Highland Tower tragedy, Dingo baby case; ? Melcom Achimota building disaster ? Forensic study 13Roles of Engineers Engineers as politicians ? Almost the entire Chinese leadership are engineers! ? Hu Jintao, fmr. Chinese Prez – Hydraulic engineer ? Boris Yelsin, fmr. Russian President – civil engineer ? Prof. De Graft Johnson, fmr. V. P. , Ghana (1979-81) – civil engineer ? Aliu Mahama, fmr. V. P. , Ghana (2001-09) – building tech 14Roles of Engineers Engineers in Politics: Picture of the world politicians†¦. 15Roles of Engineers Engineers as academics ? Need I say more? 16Roles of Engineers Others ? Engineers as salesmen ? Engineers as entrepreneurs ? Engineers as lawyers? ? Engineers as Reverends or Pastors ? Etc. 17Engineers the Environment ? Engineers don’t operate in a vacuum: ? They are part and parcel of the society; ? They exist to meet the needs of society; ? They harness the resources of society; ? The environment include: ? The economical and commercial environment ? The social environment The political environment: the globalized world ? The cultural environment ? The legal environment 18Engineers as Professionals ? What is the expectation and relationship of engineers vis-a-vis the society? ? The answer is the Professional Engineer! ? Who is a professional? What is a â€Å"profession†? 5 aspects: i. Nature of work: intellectual, me ntal vs. manual, specialized skills and knowledge ii. Moral aspect: this goes beyond general honesty, integrity, codes of conduct and ethics, â€Å"self regulation† iii. Collective organization: professional association, entry and competence, â€Å"accreditation† and â€Å"recognition† – e. . Ghana Act 819, 2011. iv. Status v. Impartiality and independence 19Engineers of Today ? Engineers owe responsibility to ? the general public: safety, environment ? direct consumers of the project ? fellow engineers ? clients e. g. government, industry ? Engineers owe duty ? to themselves ? which are inherent in their works and institution to which they belong ? legal requirements: professional negligence ? contractual duties ? â€Å"the greater good† 20Engineers of Today ? Today’s engineer must have exposure to other fields of knowledge and skills (besides his specialty) in order to be able to properly discharge is functions: ? communication and present ation skills: oral and written ? economics and finance ? law ? presentation of self! ? Paradigm shift: ? Engineers should not merely respond to need: ? They should create or anticipate the needs and be leaders of society. ? They should have foresights for â€Å"unfulfilled needs†. 21Project Topics ? How can you apply the principles of Human Engineering to address the Cyber-crime menace in Ghana? ? OR ? How can Tertiary Students contribute to the Digital Inclusion in Ghana? ? 15 points ? Deadline: March 29, 2013 22Thank You All!!! ?Any comments contributions 23 How to cite Engineering, Essay examples

Consumer Behavior for Urbanization Structure- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theConsumer Behavior for Urbanization Structure. Answer: Introduction The report states that with the emerging trend in the urbanisation the scenario of the market and thereafter the overall country has been changed. The three premium trend has been discussed which include the population, life spam and lifestyle of the Australian citizens. The changing trend is based on the increasing globalisation scenario which gave birth to the online business and changing purchasing behaviour and habit of the consumers. The decision-making the quality of the consumer is enhanced. Thereafter the theories of consumer behaviour have been discussed in brief also that the marketer has the knowledge about how the consumer might behave and in what manner the marketer could deal with it positively and firmly. Urbanization structure The urbanization is the socialising and progression of rural life into the urban life. It is basically depicting the increased standard of living and growing status of the people in various countries. Arguing upon the future trend there are approximately 10 various trends which involve the demographic and social trends which affect the population and lifestyle of the Australia. The future predictions have been made and estimation for 2020 has been undertaken. The first and foremost trend that is seen to be increased is a boom in the population. In the year 2000, the population of Australia was 19 million and the population growth rate fall down by 1.2%. By the year 2009, the population growth rate was twice and it crossed the margins of 22 million populations. It is expected that by the year 2020 the population of Australia might hit the level of 27 million. The reason behind the increased population is the increase in a number of migrants within the nation and also due to the high b irth rate. Another emerging trend towards the urbanisation is ageing of the people that are the life expectancy of the citizens of Australia. In the year 1950, the population was around 7.9 million in which the people within the age of 65-75 were 5.8% that depicts the life expectancy of around 77 years. By the year 2010, the population grew to 22.3 million under which 7.6% population fall within the age group of 65-75 which resulted in increased life expectancy around 85 years. It is expected that on reaching the year 2050 the population will around 40 million were 10.6% population is counted within the age group of 65-75 which states that life expectancy in 2050 might reach the mark of 90years (Hornsby, 2017). The third emerging and popular trend is the lifestyle that Australian people carry. People in Australia love to hang out at the iconic beaches and celebrating the success without any worries and carrying the ego and attitude. With the emerging trend in the 21st century, the new sophistication has come up with the innovative and technological development. The world culture and lifestyle of the people have changed and they believe in celebrating the moments and became the culture clings. With the increasing population, the traditions and history of the culture have also been depicted to create the interest among the people to know more about the country and its values (Commonwealth of Australia, 2014). Impact of consumer behaviour The changing and emerging population and culture of the nation directly influence the lifestyle of people and with the growing spam of life and increasing standardisation the purchasing power of the consumer has also increased along with the tastes and fashion. In todays time, the consumers are not having the time to visit the differential stores for making divergent purchases. In the phase where liberalisation, privatisation and globalisation have emerged successfully there the import and export business are also flourishing and with the increasing EX-IM products the varieties and thereby the wide choices are made open in front of the consumers (Dobbs et al. 2016). With the opening of hypermarkets and supermarkets like Woolworth and Wesfarmers the tip to toe everything is made available under the single roof. People visit a single place which is technically known as organised retail markets. It fulfils all the needs of the consumer and even fulfils the entertainment purpose as well. Also after the evolution and emergence of online shopping people wisely make the purchasing decision and compare the products and services accordingly (Cohen, 2017). With the increase in awareness and enhancing knowledge new aspects of shopping are come up constantly. The research has stated that with the initiation of online shopping people have stopped purchasing out. Even the decision-making element of the consumer is changed, they prefer to make online purchases as the quality and reviews of the product are authentic and by making a comparison the best choice can be made and in case if the product does not suites the return policy are also easy and quick. The complaints could be posted and the immediate resolution and refund are given which makes the shopping fun and time-saving. With the introduction of urbanisation, the consumer behaviour has changed a lot. The study has shown that there is around 67% increase in the online shopping and the reason that rests beside is it is a convenient mode and there is security in making purchases as the sites paves the way to cash on delivery as well, in case if the people fear the leakage of bank and other monetary information (Yadav, 2016). Theories of consumer behaviour The consumer behaviour theories have been invented which assists in understanding the human behaviour in the better way. Whilst analysing the consumer behaviour the marketers can make wise choices in promoting the product and what manner the advertisement should be presented to attract maximum consumers in order to increase the sales and gaining major profit (Bernstein, 2016). For understanding the consumer behaviour thoroughly there is need to understand certain theories as discussed above. Other than this to select the market and the manner in which the consumer can be dealt the target market need to be made to analyse the choice, trend, purchasing power and desire of the consumers. Consumer behaviour could be analysed and targeted through the customer oriented strategies. Applying these strategies the market segmentation takes place and then the niche market or the ignored portion of the market is targeted. The consumer behaviour is the dynamic process their tastes changes with the innovation of something new. Their needs are never satisfied and it involves the study of various people. The decision making technique of the consumer is involved which depicts the factor that affects the decision portions of the consumers. The consumer behaviour also involves the emotional and coping aspects to arrive the buying decisions. The consumer referrals also play c rucial role in arriving to the decision. This lead towards the positioning of the brand and hence the development of marketer takes place (Hoyer, Macinnis Pieters, 2013). Conclusion Therefore, from the entire report, it could be concluded that with the increasing urbanisation the trends of population, lifestyle and lifespan of the Australian citizens are also changing. This has resulted in the diversifying consumer behaviour. With the introduction of LPG, the scope and awareness among the consumers have increased and market scenario has changed over time from local retailers to organised retail stores and now the era of online marketing and e-business has taken over the market. To understand the consumer behaviour is all time striking question which could be eased by using the consumer behaviour theories given by the researcher for creating the better understanding in the context of human behaviour. References Becattini, G. (2017). ? The Marshallian industrial district as a socio-economic notion?.Revue d'conomie industrielle, (1), 13-32. Bernstein. A. (2016). Consumer psychology: theories behind the science of marketing. Viewed on 27th September 2017. https://online.husson.edu/consumer-behavior-theories/. Cohen. G. (2017). Relevant marketing consumer behaviour theories. Viewed on 27th September 2017. https://smallbusiness.chron.com/relevant-marketing-consumer-behavior-theories-20800.html. Commonwealth of Australia. (2014). Trends: infrastructure and transport to 2030. Department of infrastructure and regional development. Australia. Dobbs. R. et al. (2016). Urban world: the global consumers to watch. Viewed on 27th September 2017. https://www.mckinsey.com/global-themes/urbanization/urban-world-the-global-consumers-to-watch. Gray, J. A., Eysenck, H. J. (Eds.). (2017).Pavlov's Typology: Recent Theoretical and Experimental Developments from the Laboratory of BM Teplov Institute of Psychology, Moscow(Vol. 1). Elsevier. Hornsby. (2017). 2020: looking to the future. Viewed on 27th September 2017. https://www.hornsby.nsw.gov.au/media/documents/our-community/community-atlas/2020-Looking-to-the-Future-trends-impacting-Aust-and-Hornsby-LGA.pdf. Hoyer, Maccins Pieters. (2013). Consumer Behavior. Cengage learning. Boston. McDonald, M., Gough, B., Wearing, S., Deville, A. (2017). Social Psychology, Consumer Culture and Neoliberal Political Economy.Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour. Rauch, S. L., Milad, M. R., Marci, C. D., Roffman, J. L., Pitman, R. K. (2017). Fear Conditioning Models and Psychoanalysis: from Theory to Treatment. Yadav. P. (2016). Urbanisation and changing consumer behaviour: the Indian story. Viewed on 27th September 2017. https://mpk732t12016clusterb.wordpress.com/2016/04/04/urbanisation-and-changing-consumer-behaviour-the-indian-story/.

Cult`s Activities Essays - Manson Family, Cult, Charles Manson

Cult`s Activities Cult activity has been on the rise over the past few decades. With it there has been an increase in the fear surrounding it. From this fear, society has learned much about cults, how they get members and what to look out for as far as cult recruiters go. Society as a whole has also learned what can be done to deal with cults. Cult activity and the fear that surrounds it Throughout the last couple of decades more and more stories of illegal cult activity or murders by satanic cults appear on the news each night. This surge of reported cult activity has caused a spark in public interest. There has been a large increase in the fear that surrounds cults over the past couple of years. A cult is "a therapeutic or unconventional religious movement (McBride, 1985, 22)," and the more cults that fall beneath the public eye, the more serious the fear of cults becomes. Much of this fear has been sparked by major cult related incidents such as mass suicide by the People's Temple or the murder of Sharon Tate. These incidents, and incidents like them, grab the nation's attention and create widespread panic. But as the nation reads about these stories in the paper, the same questions seem to surface. Questions like "How does this happen?" or "What can we do to stop this from happening again?" are often asked. The panic and fear of cult activity in our country seems to continue to grow with the more unbelievable stories that hit the news. The first big news event that was cult related occurred in 1969. Five dead bodies were found by the maid at 10050 Cielo Drive. Beautiful actress Sharon Tate who was pregnant at the time, and her friends Steven Earl Parent, Abigail Folger, Voytek Frykowski, and Jay Sebring were found butchered thoughout the residence (Bugliosi, 1974, 18). The murders themselves grasped the nation's attention, but it was when the murderers and their motives surfaced that the fear began. It was in February of 1970 that the motive of these murders was discovered (Bugliosi, 1974, 283). Through police investigation, it was discovered that the murders were cult related. Charles Manson and members of his cult, known as "The Family," were to blame. Manson and family lived on a ranch in California. Manson was an avid fan of The Beatles and believed that this rock band spoke to him though their lyrics. He particularly liked The Beatles' White Album which included the song "Helter Skelter." Manson interpreted this song's lyrics as a prophecy of a race war that would take place between the blacks and the whites. In this war, he believed the black man would rise up and slaughter all of the whites. So Manson's plan was to take his family out into the desert and hide in a bottomless pit until the war was over. After the war, he believed the blacks would realize all they ever knew was taught to them by the white man, and if they wanted to survive, they would need a white person to tell them what to do. That is when Manson and his Family would surface from the bottomless pit, and be the rulers of the world as the master race (Bugliosi, 1974, 284-290). The only problem with Manson's prophecy was that Helter Skelter never came. So he sent Family members out to kill Sharon Tate and friends and instructed them to make it appear as if the blacks did it. He tried to accomplish this by writing words in the victims' blood all over the walls like "Arise," "Helter Skelter," and "Death to the Pigs." All this was done in hopes of starting the race war (Bugliosi, 1974, 424). The trial for this terrible crime was so publicized that it played a very significant role in creating cult fear. The next largely publicized cult related incident occurred in 1979 with the mass suicide in Jonestown (Green, 1993, 34). Jim Jones started his cult in California. His cult was referred to as the People's Temple, and his followers called him Reverend Jim Jones. Jones operated his cult under the cover of a home for depraved children. He managed to round up 300 children, some taken illegally, and around 600 men and women who wanted to help these children. Jones then left California, and headed to Guyana (Miller, 1990, 42). It was there that he convinced his 900 followers, made up of men, women, and children, to drink orange squash

Definition and Examples of Spin in Propaganda

Definition and Examples of Spin in Propaganda Spin is a contemporary term for a form of propaganda that relies on deceptive methods of persuasion. In politics, business, and elsewhere, spin is often characterized by exaggeration, euphemisms, inaccuracies, half-truths, and excessively emotional appeals. A person who composes and/or communicates spin is referred to as a spin doctor. Examples and Observations I would define spin as the shaping of events to make you look better than anybody else. I think it is . . . an art form now and it gets in the way of the truth.  Ã‚  (Benjamin Bradlee, executive editor of The Washington Post, quoted by Woody Klein in All the Presidents Spokesmen: Spinning the News, White House Press From Franklin D. Roosevelt to George W. Bush. Praeger Publishers, 2008) Manipulating Meaning Often associated with newspapers and politicians, to use spin is to manipulate meaning, to twist truth for particular endsusually with the aim of persuading readers or listeners that things are other than they are. As in idioms such as to put a ‘positive spin on something’or a ‘negative spin on something’one line of meaning is concealed, while anotherat least intentionallytakes its place. Spin is language which, for whatever reason, has designs on us...As the Oxford English Dictionary confirms, this sense of spin emerges only in the later 1970s, originally in the context of American politics.   (Lynda Mugglestone, A Journey Through Spin. OxfordWords Blog, September 12, 2011) Deception We live in a world of spin. It flies at us in the form of misleading commercials for products and political candidates and about public policy matters. It comes from businesses, political leaders, lobbying groups and political parties. Millions are deceived every day†¦all because of spin. ‘Spin’ is the polite word for deception. Spinners mislead by means that range from subtle omission to outright lies. Spin paints a false picture of reality, by bending facts, mischaracterizing the words of others, ignoring or denying evidence, or just spinning a yarnby making things up.  (Brooks Jackson and Kathleen Hall Jamieson, unSpun: Finding Facts in a World of Disinformation. Random House, 2007) Spin and Rhetoric The implicit sense of immorality attached to spin and rhetoric leads lawmakers and candidates to use these words to undermine the sincerity of the opposition. As then House Leader Dennis Hastert declared in a 2005 debate over the estate/death tax, You see, no matter what kind of spin our friends on the other side of the aisle try to use, the death tax simply isnt fair...All of this points to an atmosphere of moral ambivalence that surrounds the modern practice of spin and rhetoric. At the level of principle, rhetorical speech is most often seen as disingenuous, inauthentic, and even morally dangerous. Yet at the level of practice, it is often accepted as an inevitable and necessary part of competitive party politics.   (Nathaniel J. Klemp, The Morality of Spin: Virtue and Vice in Political Rhetoric and the Christian Right. Rowman Littlefield, 2012) Managing the News [One] way the government manages the news is by inserting into newscasts prepackaged reports that get their message out or put a positive spin on the news. (Note that the power of government to censor is much greater in many other countries than in the United States and in some other industrial democracies.)  (Nancy Cavender and Howard Kahane, Logic and Contemporary Rhetoric: The Use of Reason in Everyday Life, 11th ed. Wadsworth, 2010) Spin vs. Debate Democrats have been known to conduct their fair share of spin. During the presidential election campaign season of 2004, some liberal Democrats indulged in inflammatory and unsubstantiated attacks on the right by comparing the Bush administration to Nazi Germany, associating the Republican Party with a racist fringe candidate, and allegingwithout evidencethat Bush advisor Karl Rove was the mastermind behind the attacks on John Kerrys war record. These occurrences of manipulative rhetoric [led] one commentator on political spin to conclude that, in the heat of the campaign, reasonable debate is again falling by the wayside.  (Bruce C. Jansson, Becoming an Effective Policy Advocate: From Policy Practice to Social Justice, 6th ed. Brooks/Cole, 2011) Spin Doctors [In a 1998 interview that Deputy Prime Minister John Prescott] gave to the Independent, . . . he said we need to get away from rhetoric and back on to the substance of government. That statement apparently constituted the basis for the Independents headline: Prescott bins the spin for real policies. The spin is an allusion to New Labours spin-doctors, the people responsible for the media presentation of the Government and for putting a media spin (or angle) on its policies and activities.  (Norm Fairclough, New Labour, New Language? Routledge, 2000) Etymology From Old English spinnan, draw, stretch, spin

Company strategy Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Company strategy - Article Example ially developed a business strategy in which, it allowed only a little space to broadband technology but then it was planned that the company is going to be a potential provider of broadband. For its set business strategy, the management of the company did many deals with other potential sellers due to which, it gained access to broadband technology to an extent that it has nearly 650,000 broadband customers now. The company suffered some problems in the beginning as to go with a new technology and to innovate in a business setting is not an easy task. The management of Vodafone identified that to proceed in the market and to compete with the other competitors; they were required to access the fastest technology to facilitate their customers with best services and products. Nowadays, internationally mobile usage is increasing day by day and the increasing consumer market requires innovations and fast access to data through mobile technology. Therefore, the service providers of mobile technology are needed to compete in high pace with each other. Vodafone after identifying and recognizing the need of people towards enhanced technology changed its business strategy by accommodating broadband technology in its business setting. For the enhancement of technology and expansion of business, Vodafone invested in emerging markets. Because of broadband technology change, the company was benefited to a large extent. They have to invest a large amount but the results are more rewarding. They were able to capture new markets and the company also increased its number of customers. Previously the company was considered only as a small and beginner mobile company but with their change of strategy, they were able to open new grounds of success for their business. The company, Vodafone has also done a deal of Tele2, which facilitated the company to capture new business on the basis of broadband technology. The strategic change that was brought up in the organization was an

Equality of Women and Men According to Locke Essay

Equality of Women and Men According to Locke - Essay Example As a political philosopher as well as a social psychologist, John Locke remained an outspoken and vehement supporter of equal rights in a society that is governed. He attributed these rights to include right to life, liberty as well as property. Locke’s belief on the legitimacy of government argued that such powers of the government rested on the citizens and it ought to result from the basis of equality. His support for equality is evidenced through his support of religious beliefs and religion where his philosophical basis of his idea is based on the availability of equality in the state of nature. Once man leave the state of nature to form governments, the role of state of nature remains with men. As such, Locke argues that in mankind races as well as families throughout the whole world, every person is equal to each other with neither one individual allowed to be on top of the other. As such Locke describes the equality in the state of nature as based on the concept of rec iprocal with every person having equal power to the other. According to Locke, all creatures of the same species possess equal advantages of nature and as such, none of the creatures from the same species ought to posses more rights than the other. Therefore, assured equality serves as the basis behind man’s agreement to enter a society. Throughout this discussion, it is apparent that Locke creates tension to the audience through avoiding the topic of women in politics. . Locke keeps on referring to men in the formation of the state of nature.

The IMPACT OF A MARKETING MIX

The IMPACT OF A MARKETING MIX Marketing Mix is defined as the collection of various marketing tools which can be blended very well to obtain greater response from the market. Anything and everything which a company or an organisation does to influence and encourage consuming them also will be key factor in the market mix The term marketing mix has been used for almost 50yrs to describe that mix of factors over which an organisation has some specific control. It affects far more than the basic product or service, embarrassing not only aspects of total product but everything that can be considered as part of total marketing offering Adock 2001:168 There are several marketing tools but the major four marketing factors which are very common in business relates to the marketing sector are Product, Price, Promotion and Place Considering Indian Premier League (IPL) in an entertainment industry framework, we are doing the service marketing mix, three additional variables are also there- People, Physical Evidence and Process are included to produce a 7Ps mix. Based on the above stated seven factors we are attempting to do the Marketing Mix of the Indian Premier League (IPL) in our coursework. While non-cricketing attributes that matter in IPL, the success is mainly relying on the core competencies of cricket players. Always a new business model is understood to mean a value proposition which is offered to the market as the revenue sources or targeted consumer segments. The key elements are: Matches customer needs Effective Marketing Mix Well Blended Creates competitive advantage Matches Corporate Resources Fig No 1: Hallmarks of an effective Marketing Mix (Jobber 2010: 20) PRODUCT The Indian Premier League (IPL) is a service that used to meet the needs of the spectators, because product is not to be necessarily an object it can be related to services, ideas and some situations it can even relates to the people and place also. Physical products can be tangible but pure services are intangible. This means the customers suffer high risk in their decision making and three elements of extended marketing mix are important to influence the customer of service quality. A product can be defined as anything that satisfies a want or need through use, consumption or acquisition John 2010:250 The Indian Premier League is an International brand which is implemented by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI).The IPL consists of eight different teams which is located in some of the Indias biggest cities. The IPL is the Twenty20 (20 overs per team) tournament contested between this eight Indian city franchises. When we take IPL as a business rather than a game then IPL is the product or service the assets are the players of these teams and the market is the spectators and the television audience. Revenues can be generated from different ways like entry ticket, stadium advertising, player endorsements and television rights. The change that happened to the cricket in the recent years is the establishment and success of the IPL. The tournament consists of around 60 matches and team consists of international and domestic players as well as new players. The first season began in April 2008 in India. The second was moved to South Africa because of security concerns due to the Indian general elections. The concept of the Indian Premier League (IPL) has been accepted by International Cricket Council (ICC). As Indian Premier League (IPL) was created by BCCI particularly by Lalit Modi IPL Commissioner and vice president of BCCI modelled on the basis of English Football Premier League, which clearly stated the power of BCCI over Indian Cricket. The huge success of the second season in South Africa shows that the location is only secondary stage to entertainment value. IPL has rather made big changes in Indias socio economic path. The important point is that IPL has made the level of professionalism which was not seen before in BCCI. BRAND IPL is a service of its kind which has made its own image in marketing prospective globally in entertainment service. The brand name of a service can also influence the perception of a service. The characteristics of a successful brand name are distinctiveness, relevance, memorability and flexibility Jobber 2010:841 The UK based brand consultancy, brand finance has valued IPL at $4.2billion in 2010.It has valued $2.01billion in 2009 by the same consultancy. The eight franchises was also being part of this growth. The London Times reported that all but Kings XI Punjab made a profit in the first season. Rank Franchise Brand Value 1 Chennai Super Kings $ 48.4m 2 Kolkata Knight Riders $ 46m 3 Rajasthan Royals $ 45.2m 4 Royal Challengers Bangalore $ 41.9m 5 Mumbai Indians $ 40.8m 6 Delhi Daredevils $ 40.5m 7 Kings XI Punjab $ 36.1m 8 Deccan Chargers $ 34.4m PLC Reasons for the success of IPL The main reason for the success of the IPL was demand. The fan base determines demand and this made the revenues, profits and the franchise values. The IPL was financially viable because of the entertainment that is packaged, markets and sale was fulfilling the fans demand. Product Market The service market establishes the different ways on the basis of business marketing concepts. As far as IPL is concerned the interest will depend upon the level of competition in the league. That is based upon the interest of BCCI, to make sure the level of competition which sustains the demand and determines the long term liability of the league. The level of competition depends upon the number of teams in the league, the structure of the league system versus a single tier system number of matches in a season, end of season, play offs and tournaments, salary caps and the free agency. Customer function dimension: This involves the benefits that are provided to satisfy the needs of organisational buyers (Thomas 2010: 220). In IPL the franchises are engaging in activities that strengths the demand generating fan base. They made themselves financially viable by implementing brand value maximising decisions to make what viewers need from the IPL matches and how they are imperative to increase their franchise value. IPL matches are widened their viewer base attracted a number of women and children. Technology based dimension: There are alternative ways to perform a particular function (Thomas 2010:220). At a technical level based on Packers World Series Cup (WSC), IPL has scheduled every matches in evening and night, more camera angles, video replays, best commentary teams and onscreen statistics on an impressive way. It improved television coverage, sponsorships and marketing. Value Added system dimension: Competitors serving the market can operate a long sequence of stages (Thomas 2010: 220). In IPL the paying capacity will defer for different spectators. The franchises are recognising this and the price is changing according to the fans willingness to pay made a huge impact in the revenues. As an example, decision regarding seat allocation in the stadium daily tickets versus season tickets versus box seats and pricing of seats in the various sections of the stadium by a good understanding and consumer behaviour. PRICE Price is basically the odd one out of the marketing mix as it is the revenue earner, when compared to the rest of the three elements of the marketing mix (Product, Promotion Place) which are costs. Price is a really important element of the marketing mix as it drives the product to the customers vicinity. (Jobber 2004: 376). Price is a key marketing tool for various reasons, it is difficult to evaluate a service before purchase there price may act as an indicator of quality and creative pricing can help for smooth demand (controlling demand). IPL has made contracts with different private sector and nationalised banks for selling the tickets through them, by this they can reach to the public quite easily. The IPL has generated the income through different ways. The auction for the eight franchises fetched $723.59million in 2008.On 2010 there was auction for two more teams which fetched $703million and the teams has spent $650.4 for bidding the players . IPL got the deal with DLF, Indias largest construction firm for $200 million for the title sponsor IPL signed up Kingfisher Airlines as the official umpire partner for a series at $ 24.06 million. The deal was the umpire uniforms will be of Kingfisher brand and also on the giant screen on the third umpire decision. IPL has made a contract with India Sony Entertainment television and Singapore based World Sport Group (WSG) for the global broadcasting rights on a record deal of $1.97billion for ten years including 2017 IPL season on 15th Jan 2008 Demand curve graph Whatever the amount collected 20% of these proceeds would go to IPL, 8% as prize money and 72% would be distributed to the franchises. After the first successful first season in 2008 the second season which was held at South Africa proved that this league has shaken the sport at an international level, showed the shift of power from the developed world to emerging economy like India. The auction process showed that commercial values were not the same as cricketing values. The creation of the IPL has resulted in an instant windfall for BCCI with the league signing up deals worth over $1.749billion in terms of broadcast right, franchise sales and sponsorships .The 64% of the revenue generated through all broadcasting and sponsorship will go to franchises and as guaranteed the franchises get 80%of television revenue in first two years declining to 50% in the third year. To add this they receive 60 %of central sponsorship for the first 10 years and 50% thereafter. This is because the league wants to maximise the value of team owners. Sponsorship has played a critical role in IPL to make the other companies in Indian market to make deals with either team or individual players to promote the brand to the public. When the league was shifted to South Africa, to maintain revenues, team owners and co-sponsors came up with innovative ideas to make presence of IPL in Indian and South African markets. As an example the UB Group owner of the (Royal Challenger Bangalore) announced special travel packages on Kingfisher Airlines (an international airline owned by UB Group) for Indians heading to South Africa to watch the tournament. PROMOTION The intangible element of any service is difficult to communicate. Promotion is the most essential part of the organisation which helped to communicate to the world about the service. There are different ways for promoting a service. Advertising Any kind of promotional activity that has been paid by the company, but the company is not directly involved can be termed as advertising. The sources for that kind of promotions are newspaper, television, radio etc. The advantages of these kind of promotions are that you get support from the people who know about what customers like to see read and hear. The benefit of this is you dont need to put extra effort to promote by yourself. As newspaper, television and radio are commonly accepted for their widespread network in the advertisement field so that it will reach to most of its customers. The drawback for this kind of advertising is that the lack of customer interaction. They will be telecasting different advertisements on all the channels in every ad break throughout the day so that it will help the people to remember about it. Television Advertisement (Ref: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dBBIrcKBMWkNR=1feature=fvwp) Public Relations In public relations word of mouth plays an important role to success for services because of their experiential nature. Viral communications-sometimes called electronic word of mouth is been effectively used to promote IPL Online Promotion The new media like online promotion can also be used to promote services. Indian Premier League (IPL) use targeted emails to encourage customers. IPL will be sending online advertisements to keep reminding about the dates of the matches .The sponsors will also be telecasting there advertisements on the basis of IPL and promoting the merchandisers Social Media Environments IPL is making a very good social media environment like Facebook and twitter very well to interact with the individuals. This will help to get the feedback which can be taken as a suggestion. Through Facebook and twitter IPL is updating the match reviews and live scores so that it can be beneficial those who doesnt have access to the television. In 2010 IPL has made a successful venture to keep live streaming in social networking site You Tube (www.youtube.com/t20) PLACE PEOPLE As far IPL is concerned the market comprises spectators and the television audience. The IPL can be said as a step for globalisation of cricket from India. It can appeal to market as diverse as Europe, Japan, Malaysia US. Around 20million Asian and Caribbean fan base migrants are in North America. China is one of the other potential market of interest which made a recent interest to participate in the 2019 cricket world cup by the Chinese authorities.IPL is expanding the cricket viewership. The principle form of change in the success of IPL is geography and innovation. The Asian sub-continent which consists of top of ten cricket playing nations is India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka Bangladesh. Therefore it provides largest audience for cricket. The Indian market alone is the worlds pay-television market, with almost 70million households subscribing to sports channels. In 2010 the third season has been attracted to 200million viewers in India alone. That compares with a global audience of 4 50million of the last FIFA world cup. When people enjoy their work it is clear from their body language and the tone of their voice. They give of positive messages about their employer and will go the extra mile for their clients too. The company brand enjoys a very real boost as a result. Ross Urquhart, MD of RPM (Jobber 2010: 846). During the off season the interest in IPL format is being sustained by creation of trade window, during which players can be traded between franchises. Research by the IPL suggest that 70% of those attending a match having never been to one before. From this 70% around 90% of this people went to more matches. PHYSICAL EVIDENCE It is an environment in which the service is delivered in IPL, venues are the environment in which games performs. A very well organised opening and closing ceremonies will be conducted where it will be performed by world class performers and a spectacular laser show will be a centre of attraction. All the franchises have the cheer leaders to support their team throughout the match progresses. In an attempt to emulate the American Sports teams one of the franchises even imported cheerleaders from Washington Redskins. PROCESS It is a procedure, mechanisms and flow of mechanisms by which a service is acquired (Jobber 2010: 846). A good marketing means it has to happen in all the levels from marketing department to where its service is provided. IPL is providing a good spectacular event for all the spectators even in television as well as live. They have scheduled the matches in prime time so that it is good time for the targeted customers. The major key for the long term success of IPL is that rearing of the solid fan base. They can provide a cost effected entertainment demanded by the fans. Team composition should be reflecting the demand of fans. They can add celebrity players, local players, foreign players, hard hitters, all-rounders as well. The spectators will analyse the team on basis of these factors and the price it is willing to pay. Even they can make use of this social networking websites to get more supporters for their own teams in the matches.

Research Proposal Essay

Introduction Adolescent substance abuse in Virginia is below the national average according to a study for the Department of Adolescent Health with the Department of Health & Human Services (2011) teens in grades 9-12 disclosed usage of alcohol at a rate of 18 percent compared to 20 percent of the national average for having drank more than a few sips before they were 13 years old. For Marijuana the rate was 32 percent of high school aged adolescents have used marijuana in their lifetime and that is also below the national average of 40 percent. Inhalant usage was 10 percent with a national average of 11 percent, cocaine was listed at 3 percent directly coinciding with the national rate and lastly nonmedical use of pain relievers was 7 percent higher than the national percentage of 6 percent (Department of Health & Human Services Office of Adolescent Health, 2011). Literature Review It is no secret that an individual’s development begins within the environment he or she develops. However, questions begin to arise when one wonders how particular settings or environmental factors affect an individual’s development and to which degree these factors impact one’s life. Further investigation may be necessary when the stage of development of the individual being studied is considered. Adolescence is a unique and critical stage in the development of every human being and organizations such as the Adolescent Substance Abuse Knowledge Base (ASK) suggest that substance use and abuse is at least an issue, if not a major problem facing many adolescents. According to ASK the most commonly used substances for adolescents age 12 to 17 are tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana. The ASK  website supports that claim with the following statistics: the national average age of first alcohol use is 15 years old, nationally 17.3% of youths have used tobacco in the past month, and the national average annual incidence rate for marijuana use among youths is 6.3% (http://www.adolescent-substance-abuse.com/state-stats.html). A commonly held belief is that parents or family factors can often predict the development of substance use and abuse by adolescents, one website even goes so far as to label parents the â€Å"Anti-Drug† (http://www.theantidrug.com). So what leads adolescents to develop a habit of using substances such as tobacco, alcohol, marijuana and others? Do parent and family factors play a role in behavior of their adolescent sons and daughters? The purpose of this research proposal is to review the existing literature on parental and family factors and the impact these factors have on predicting the development of teen substance use and abuse. Most research has been done in the area of parental communication and involvement in an adolescent’s life seeking to determine how parenting can influence an adolescent’s substance use or abuse in a positive or negative manner. For example, Farrell and Kung (2000) utilized a number of models to represent the relations between parent ing practices, family structure, peer pressure, and drug use in a sample of 443 seventh grade students. It is important to note that this study was conducted in an urban area, in which many of the subjects were classified as being from low-income families, also a high percentage of those researched were of African American descent. Over half of the adolescents surveyed lived within an intact family or a family with a single parent and extended family members living in the same household. An interesting finding of this study was that peer pressure was more strongly related to drug use than was parenting. That being said, parenting practices were also found to temper the relationship between peer pressure and substance use. This means that parenting can serve as a defensive factor in that children who receive sufficient parenting are better prepared to resist pressures from their peers to use substances than those who do not receive adequate parenting. Ennett, Bauman, Foshee, Pemberton, and Hicks (2001) explored communication between parents and adolescents regarding alcohol and tobacco use through a national study of 537 adolescent and parent pairs. The researchers investigated what was discussed between parent and child and how  that communication impacted the adolescent’s behavior. This data was gathe red via phone contact on two separate occasions, with the second contact taking place one year after the initial contact. There were a number of interesting findings from this study, one of which was that parents who smoked tended to converse more regularly about antismoking rules than did parents who didn’t smoke; in comparison, parents who drank spoke less regularly about rules regarding alcohol use than those that didn’t drink. The study actually produced evidence that parental conversations with adolescents about rules and consequences for alcohol and tobacco use may have caused adolescents who had already tried smoking or drinking to increase their use. Finally, the study also showed that while communication had little in the way of positive effects on adolescent tobacco and alcohol use parental modeling was a much better predictor of an adolescent’s behavior. For example, parental smoking often led to adolescent tobacco and alcohol use, and parental drinking forecasted the rise of alcohol use in many instances (Ennett, Bauman, Foshee, Pemberton, & Hicks, 2001). Another study on the parent-adolescent relationship, this by Wood, Read, Mitchell, and Brand (2004), used mail surveys to contact 578 late-adolescent subjects in the summer before entering college to research parental and peer influences on their alcohol use. The study revealed that men drank nearly twice as much as women, and to negotiate for this known gender discrepancy the authors of the study considered gender in the equations used to calculate their final results. As was the case with similar previous studies, this study revealed that peer influences such as offerings of alcohol and perceived norms were associated with unconstructive consequences as related to alcohol use. The study further supported prior research by confirming that parental behaviors, attitudes, and values correlate directly with late-adolescent alcohol use and problems, and that perceived parental disapproval was associated with lower levels of alcohol use. As the previously discussed research suggests, parental involvement in an adolescent’s life can significantly impact an adolescent’s attitudes and behaviors towards substance use and abuse. However, not all adolescents are fortunate enough to be brought up in environments where parental influences occupy a normal presence within their lives. It is important to consider the impacts of insufficient parenting or nontraditional parenting arrangements  on adolescent substance use. Research Question Will the rate of teen substance abuse decrease if there is more family involvement within teen adolescence? Hypothesis I hypothesize that the rate of teen substance abuse will decrease once there is parental involvement in an adolescent’s years of development Research Design Department of Adolescent Health with the Department of Health & Human Services studied 361 individuals ages 14 to 17, all subjects came from two-parent and single parent families and were enlisted from within the Hampton Roads area in which the study was to be conducted or from clinical treatment programs in the area. The purpose of this study was to create parental involvement measurements applicable to a child’s adolescent lifetime, to differentiate adolescents who were for all practical purposes neglected by their parents from others, and to examine the effects of parental involvement on adolescent behaviors involving drugs and alcohol. Through the use of cross-sectional studies, researchers analysis data from questionnaires. Sampling Strategies The sampling method best used for this research would be non-probability sampling because it opens the opportunity to specify the participants to be researched. This sampling method allows the researcher to create a handpicked research group of participants. Data Collection Method Questionnaire A random sample of 361, 14-17 year olds, stratified by sex and postcode sector, was drawn from the school registration database of Hampton Roads. Ethics committee approval was granted but required that names and addresses be passed to the researchers only after potential respondents had consented. Via their parents, all were sent an information sheet, questionnaire (to establish smoking status), consent form to be countersigned by a guardian, and a freepost return envelope. Results Through the use and analysis of a questionnaire the researchers were able to determine that 75 of the adolescents studied were in situations with low-parent involvement, which the researchers designated as the Neglect group. Those subjects not in the Neglect group were labeled the â€Å"Reference† group. The most substantial observed difference between the Neglect and Reference groups indicated that individuals in the Neglect group, those with less parental involvement in their lives, possessed a weaker ability to resist social pressure to substance abuse. Discussion These numbers show a rising usage of even younger teens beginning to indulge in substances. According to ask the average age of substance experimentation is 14. This study examined the effects of parents talking to children about substances versus those parents who do not. There were a number of interesting findings from this study, one of which was that parents who smoked tended to converse more regularly about antismoking rules than did parents who didn’t smoke; in comparison, parents who drank spoke less regularly about rules regarding alcohol use than those that didn’t drink. The study actually produced evidence that parental conversations with adolescents about rules and consequences for alcohol and tobacco use may have caused adolescents who had already tried smoking or drinking to increase their use. Finally, the study also showed that while communication had little in the way of positive effects on adolescent tobacco and alcohol use parental modeling was a much better predictor of an adolescent’s behavior. For example, parental smoking often led to adolescent tobacco and parental drinking forecasted the rise of alcohol use in many instances. The purpose of this study was to create parental involvement measurements applicable to a child’s adolescent lifetime, to differentiate adolescents who were for all practical purposes neglected by their parents from others, and to examine the effects of parental involvement on adolescent behaviors involving drugs and alcohol Limitation The limitation that would effect this proposal would be the percent of honesty and integrity of the participants. Some participants may feel reluctant to tell the truth either due to fear of parents finding out substance use, or the fear of being labeled. This lack of honesty has a major effect on the data collected from the study. Also using  non-probability sampling will result in limited generalizability of the findings. Implications Practice Implications: When I comes to training social workers on how to treat teens suffering from substance abuse, they have a greater sense of which direction to demonstrate practice. Also allows social workers to understand the history as well at the trigger to initial substance use. Social workers are able to address adolescent clients from different system levels once they are aware of factors that lead teens to abuse substances. Profession: As professionals, these findings help to guide practice in ways to better provide services to teens who suffer from substance abuse and to create preventative methods to keep teens from abusing even in the absence of parental guidance. Target Population: These findings give teens an understanding of how peer and parental influences play a major factor in their curiosity in substances Professional Development: As a professional, this research has given me a sense of direction when it comes to treating and dealing with teens who may suffer fr om substance abuse. Also gives me a better understanding of the history of teen substance abuse and how if occurs. Recommendations for Future Research In future research, study recommend to offer aid, support, and services for those teens who are founded to be abusing or using substances. If challenges are met early, there is a greater chance of transforming these habits. The goal is to strengthen the community through service delivery. References Clark, D., Thatcher, D., & Maisto, S. (2004). Adolescent neglect and alcohol use disorders in two-parent families. Child Maltreatment, 9(4), 357-370. Ennett, S., Bauman, K., Foshee, V., Pemberton, M., & Hicks, K. (2001). Parent-child communication about adolescent tobacco and alcohol use: what do parents say and does it affect youth behavior? Journal of Marriage and Family, 63(1), 48-62. Farrell, A., & Kung, E. (2000). The role of parents and peers in early adolescent substance use: an examination of mediating and moderating effects. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 9(4), 509-528. Highlights of Study by State on Youth Drug Use. (2007). Retrieved January 13, 2011, from http://www.adolescent-substance-abuse.com/state-stats.html Wood, M., Read, J., Mitchell, R., & Brand, N. (2004). Do parents still matter? Parent and peer influences on alcohol involvement among recent high school graduates. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 18(1), 19-30.

The impacts of The UK’s withdrawal from The European Union on the Hotel Industry

Introduction The hotel and accommodation industry in the UK is a major business for both multinational and SMEs in the country due to the attractiveness of UK as a tourist destination on a global scale. The free movement of persons across the euro zone has increased the frequency of travels between the EU member states, which has bolstered the tourism sectors of the EU economies.This situation is more apparent in the UK where most of its foreign tourists emerge from the EU member states due to ease of movement of persons within the EU (Rolfe & Hudson-Sharp, 2016). Consequently, the hotel industry in the UK is largely depended on leisure and business travellers from the UK. The decision by Britain to withdraw from the European Union is a disaster for the tourism industry and specifically businesses involved in providing tourists with accommodation services. There is a general serious concern for the UK’s hotel industry as a result of the anticipated negative effects of Brexit on the travel industry in the UK. Constraints of Free Movement There is a strong tourism and travel flows between the EU and the UK. The destination for the majority of UK tourists is the EU, which is, in turn, the main source of international tourists entering the UK (Rolfe & Hudson-Sharp, 2016). Travel and tourism trade between the EU and the UK has been expedited by the free movement of products and services, people and investment across the Euro Zone. This free movement and the flow of travel and trade could be significantly affected by the implementation of the Brexit. The EU has various regulations that are designed for the benefit of business travellers and holidaymakers. As much as most of these policies may not be altered immediately, UK’s withdrawal from the EU has significant future implications. Free movement of people between the UK and other EU member states is supported by various regulations such as the financial protection regulations for bundle holidays, flight delays compensations, access health cover while traveling wi thin the EU, and controls on mobile phone charges. In this respect, Brexit will expose customers within the EU to higher prices and fares while considering UK as a travel destination, which might limit the competitiveness of the UK as a tourist destination for travellers from the EU (Milas et al., 2016). An immediate concern for the travellers’ hotels in the UK is the effect of uncertainty period that follows the current Brexit negotiations. Further, the period immediately after exit from the EU will be damaging to the Hotel industry in the UK. Specifically, an exit will culminate in elevated travel costs and decreased travels between the UK and the EU. This would also imply the collapse of the European Health Insurance Card, which is an attractive package for travellers within the EU. Consequently, for the hotel industry in the UK, the negative effects of Brexit far outweigh the perceived benefits. The Cost-effectiveness of Human Capital The hotel industry in the UK is a net employer of a significant number of immigrants from the EU. A consideration of changes that will affect the ability of the sector to recruit foreign nationals could affect many businesses in the hospitality sector with respect to filling various roles in that there is a general skill shortage in the UK’s labour market (D’Angelo & Kofman, 2016). In this respect, the hospitality sector in the UK could struggle to fully recover from the withdrawal of UK from the EU in that the hotel industry in the country is dependent on the EU as a source of labour. Specifically, the freedom of movement within the EU is key to the sustainability of the hotel industry in the UK and therefore Brexit may affect the financial viability of various elements of the Hotel industry in the UK. For instance, hotels in the UK are able to provide quality services at a lower cost when compared to its major competitors, Australia and the United States as a result o f its membership to the EU. Furthermore, the large customer base in the EU enables UK Hotels to operate at capacity which means that they can offer better prices and guarantee more visits and hence competitiveness of the UK tourism sector (Milas et al., 2016). The implementation of the Brexit implies that EU residents will not be able to freely work as employees within the UK’s hotel industry. This will force the hotels to outsource some of its services to local firms, losing quality control and increasing the cost of hotel services by over 20 percent. Therefore, the membership of Britain within the EU is central to the existence of Hotels in the UK as cost effective quality service providers on a global scale. Conclusion As Brexit becomes a reality in the hotel industry in the UK, it is apparent that exiting from the EU may affect the sustainability of hotels from two points of view. Firstly, the collapse of free movement deal between the UK and other EU member states imply a significant decline of foreign travellers in the UK due to cost and travel bureaucracy issues. Secondly, the possibility of a significant number of employees in the hotels industry facing deportation due to withdrawal from the EU imply increased operational costs for hotels in the UK and ultimately a decline in their competitiveness on a global scale. Therefore, as plans for Brexit are being laid down, it is important to consider the possibility of adopting policies that will ensure the hotel industry in the UK survives the Brexit process. Reflective Summary This reflection is founded on Gibbs (1988) Reflection Cycle. The decision to utilise this approach was rooted in the fact that it inspires a vibrant account of the situation, examination of feelings, experience evaluation that enhances the ability of an individual to make sense of all the experiences and ultimately be able to apply the acquired knowledge in related situations (Gibbs, 1988). While the principle objective of this course was to examine learning through developing academic skills, the approach taken in this course to achieve this objective merits a reflection. The course in both lectures and tutorial sessions involved the establishment and development of working study groups. From the study groups, I was exposed to numerous perspectives on what a study group is and numerous variations of study groups in different contexts and different purposes. In fact, as much as the same charge with respect to study assessment was provided, each state resulted in a unique study group. Despite these disparities, I gained fascinating insights in the study group practice, and I currently consider it to be among the most valuable approach to exploring novel ideas and contributing practically to my professional development. In addition, I noted that since the study group agenda is driven by the group members, the experience was highly personal and purposeful. This model has been influential in my ability to develop excellent communication skills. Specifically, this module made me aware of the imperativeness of communication skills with respect to communicating with instructors and peers, expressing thoughts and reflection, depicting critical thinking during group discussions, and being culturally sensitive while talking to peers. These are competencies that will build on my communication skills to assist me in my academic undertakings. Further, this module explores ways of improving written forms of communication in that it is essential for a student to be able to express him/herself through writing. This will be important to me when writing research papers, analytical case studies, speeches, and essays. References D’Angelo, A., & Kofman, E. (2016). UK: Large-Scale European Migration and the Challenge to EU Free Movement. In South-North Migration of EU Citizens in Times of Crisis (pp. 175-192). Springer International Publishing. Gibbs, G. (1988). The reflective cycle. Kitchen S (1999) An appraisal of methods of reflection and clinical supervision. Br J Theatre Nurs, 9(7), 313-7. Milas, C., Worrall, T., & Zymek, R. (2016). Watch Out for Winners and Losers: Odd-?Implied Brexit Sentiment and FTSE Returns. Financial Times. Rolfe, H., & Hudson-Sharp, N. (2016). The impact of free movement on the labour market: case studies of hospitality, food processing and construction. Retrieved from http://www.academia.edu/download/45123775/Free_movement_final_report.pdf

Ella is Battling Cancer - 1929 Words

Cancer is Chronic disease in which abnormal cells divide without control and are able to invade other tissues. Cancer cells can spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems (NCI, 2013). Breast cancer in particular affects both women and men, though our focus is on Ella Miller who is the heart of the Miller family. Ella has been battling cancer for years now and even though she went into remission, the cancer has returned. This Situation is affecting her view on life and well as her family view on life with and without her. The purpose of this paper is to inform and introduce factual background of breast cancer, medical treatment options, suggestions of coping with this illness for the family and Ella as well as an outlook regarding the micro, macro and mezzo influences of the patient and family. This paper will educate Ella and her family on lifespan development and outcomes pertaining to breast cancer. â€Å"Cancer is a term used for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and are able to invade other tissues. Cancer cells can spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems (NCI, 2013).† Cancer is of many diseases. It originates from the organ in the body and/or from the part of the body that is affected, for example breast cancer. Breast cancer is mainly common among women, except for skin cancers. â€Å"Breast cancer occurs when cells in the breast divide and grow without their normal control (Komen, 2014).† TheShow MoreRelatedThe Is The Only Child Of Mr. Olsen Essay2030 Words   |  9 PagesSince Ella is the only child of Mr. Olsen he will go through emotional turmoil as to why his child is at the end-of-life before him, and how did this happen as this is his only child. In addition, he is in a nursing home, he is unable to operate a vehicle so he has no way of seeing Ella until a family member transports him this could have a huge impact on his disease process. Ella’s illness will have a huge impact on John as this is her husband and life partner and she is dissipating before hisRead MoreBenefits Of Alternative Medicine : Ella s Life On A Farm Essay2107 Words   |  9 Pages Introduction Ella is 70 years old and has spent all her life on a farm. Ella has been battling cancer for quite some time. Ella’s upbringing and influences from her husband John facilitated an undesirable connotation in regards to Western Medicine use. Ella’s antiquated ideas of alternative medication and infatuation over the use of natural remedies along with her husband, John motivation for the use of alternative medicine have clouded her decision-making and judgmental choices for her healthRead MoreFannie Lou Hamer Essay examples2194 Words   |  9 Pagesracism to many sharecropping families was, for Hamer, an inspiration to relentless effort. October 6, 1917 Hamer was born in Montgomery County, Mississippi; the youngest of 20 children. She had 14 brothers and 5 sister. Her parents Jim and Lou Ella Townsend, were sharecroppers who fed their whole family on $1.25 a day. While Fannie was outside playing the plantation owner drove up and asked if she could pick cotton. After Fannie agreed to pick cotton after the owner promised her a rewardRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesprotect anybody? From the list of questions above, select the four most important: _______ _______ _______ _______ Most important Second most important Third most important Fourth most important The Doctor’s Dilemma A woman was dying of incurable cancer and had only about six months to live. She was in terrible pain, but was so weak that a large dose of a pain killer such as morphine would probably kill her. She was delirious with pain, and in her calm periods, she would ask her doctor to give her